Rene Descartes Ontological Argument - 957 Words

â€Å"Cogito ergo sum† (â€Å"I think, therefore, I am†) (Descartes, Miller, Miller, 1983). Renà © Descartes was a philosopher of the 17th century who made major contributions to the field. Everything from his metaphysical arguments of existence of man to his proofs for the existence of God are still discussed and debated today. In the field of religion, most famous is his Ontological proof for the existence of God. In other words, proof that one can know God a priori, with no experience whatsoever. Following his publication, a philosopher named Caterus raised key objections to his proof, which he later responded to in an intriguing way. Descartes’s reply to Caterus’s critique of Descartes’s Ontological argument does not properly refute the objections†¦show more content†¦In other words, he is justifying that although the greatest thought may be inseparable from existing, it does not prove that this being must exist. Backing this claim up, he creates this idea of an â€Å"existent lion†. Caterus writes, â€Å"This complex â€Å"existent lion† includes both lion and the mode existence; and incudes them essentially, for if you take away either it will not be the same complex† (Descartes, 2009, p.86). In writing this, Caterus shows that although something may possess the mode â€Å"existing†, that mode only applies if the object itself already exists. Likewise, one cannot prove the existence of God without first showing that God already exists (Descartes, 2009, pp.86-7). Throughout Caterus’s critique, many strong objections are raised, and it is when Descartes attempts to respond that the argument falls apart. Descartes fails to properly refute any objections raised by Caterus, or solidify is case. To begin his response, Descartes (2009) begins by contrasting St. Thomas’s argument and his own. In this contrasting, he states that his argument is not subject to the criticisms St. Thomas’s argument is, due to the different wording used (p.87). I believe, however, that Caterus was not attempting to directly say the arguments were identical. Caterus even acknowledges the difference in wording. The object Caterus, through St. Thomas, raised is that it does not follow solely from the properties of which God has, thatShow MoreRelatedThomas Aquinas vs. Descarates Essays673 Words   |  3 Pagesgreat philosophers Thomas Aquinas’s and Rene Descartes used the method of ontological argument for the existence of God and used intuition and reason alone to get to each other’s theory. Rene Descartes wrote out several mediations, but the one we’re going to touch base on is meditation III that he wrote in the 1600’s; While Thomas Aquinas’s wrote his five proofs of God in 1270 that specifies God’s existence in each proof; the one that gives the best argument is the existence of God in his III proofRead MoreA Brief Look at Rene Descartes829 Words   |  3 Pages Rene Descartes was a brilliant man who came up with many inventions and thoughts to put in people’s minds and let them ponder off and question life in itself. In one of the many things Rene Descartes created, he wrote a book called Discourse on the Method and Meditations. Descartes discusses how there are two main proofs of God’s existence, the casual argument in meditation three and the ontological argument in meditation five. There are a few differences between these two meditations and one isRead More Descartes Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages In the early 17th century a philosopher named Descartes, questioned his existence. His life was dedicated to the founding of a philosophical and mathematical system in which all sciences were logical. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Descartes was born in 1596 in Touraine, France. His education consisted of attendance to a Jesuit school of La Fleche. He studied a liberal arts program that emphasized philosophy, the humanities, science, and math. He then went on to the University of Poitiers whereRead MoreWilliam Robertson Smith, A Scottish Orientalist, Old Testament1692 Words   |  7 Pagesview on this argument would be Rene Descartes who says, I think therefore I am. This assertion has come to be known as the cogito. Descartes struggled with a problem that is now called â€Å"the problem of knowing,† and sometimes referred to as the â€Å"brain in a vat† dilemma. The idea is that the brain is easy to fool. The only way a person knows what he experiences of reality is the truth is by trusting in the sensory inputs of his own brain. One would agree with the arguments made by Descarte due to: theRead More Descartes Meditations Ontological Argument Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes Meditations Ontological Argument Descartess fifth Meditation argument for Gods existence relies on an untenable notion that existence is a perfection and that it can be predicated of God. I shall first explain what Descartess argument for Gods existence is, and then present his argument in propositional form. I will then attempt to support the argument that existence is neither a perfection nor a predicate of God. In our thoughts we apprehend ideas of things. These ideas mayRead MoreDescartes Argument for the Existence of God Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pages Descartes employs what is known as an ontological argument to prove the existence of God. Saint Anselm who lived during the 11th century first formulated this type of argument. Since then it has proved popular with many philosophers including Rene` Descartes. Even though ontological arguments have lost popularity with modern philosophers there has been some recent attempts to revive them. Descartes formulation is regarded as being one of the best because it is straight forward and relativelyRead MoreProposed Seven Philosophers On The Existence Of God And Their Development Of These Ideas1413 Words   |  6 Pages (5) St. Augustine, (6) Thomas Aquinas, and (7) Rene DesCartes. The specific three I want to focus on being; St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Rene Descartes. Lastly, I will proceed to relate their ideas on the existence of God and their development of these ideas. St. Augustine s epistemology is rationalization. In his argument for the existence of God, he is referring to varying degrees of perfection otherwise know as, an Ontological argument. He believed that in pursuing truth, it would leadRead MoreThe Argument Of The Existence Of God1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe arguments trying to â€Å"prove† the existence of God are by far some of the most controversial philosophical arguments out there. When some of the people who created these philosophies it was illegal or even punishable by death to even question his existence, let alone try to come up with a logical explanation to â€Å"prove† he is real. The two main arguments used today are the ontological argument and the cosmological argument. Neither one of these arguments are correct nor incorrect; moreover, theRead MoreEssay on The Ontological Argument for the Existence of God1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ontological Argument for the Existence of God The ontological argument is an a priori argument. The arguments attempt to prove Gods existence from the meaning of the word God. The ontological argument was introduced by Anselm of Canterbury in his book Proslogion. Anselms classical argument was based on two principals and the two most involved in this is St Anselm of Canterbury as previously mentioned and Rene Descartes. The ontological argument argues thatRead MoreThe Role of God in Descartes Epistemology1356 Words   |  5 Pagesepistemology. Throughout this essay, I aim to critically examine the role of God in Descartes’ epistemology. Renà © Descartes’ epistemological contribution to western philosophy attempted to inaugurate a coherent method of questioning whereby knowledge of the world is attained independently of the authority of the Church or Bible. Strangely enough this separation had no intention on removing god from our lives or minds. Descartes’ project was to prove the existence of God, and to establish that only God can

The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture Free Essays

string(27) " their ideas into writing\." Though many theories have been formulated about literacy and how to apply proper education to it, few seem to grasp the fact that true literacy involves lots of different aspects. Though many educators have tried to put the term literacy into a strict definition, it is best understood as a complex educational aspect. Literacy combines elements of culture, both nation and international. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now It involves picking up essential skills that can be taught in the classroom, as well. In addition to all of that, it involves a person learning the advanced art of articulation. Speaking well, writing well, and understanding how to get a point across are three things that should be included in that discussion, as well. How a person understands literacy is dependent upon which of these theories that person accepts as being the standard. According to Dr. Robert Needlman, literacy needs to be understood in a broad sense, as it is very important to all other forms of learning. In a recent article on the matter, Needlman wrote, â€Å"Literacy is more than just being able to read and write. Literate children see reading as fun and exciting. They use reading to learn about a wide range of subjects, and they use writing to share their ideas† (Needlman). This means that teachers must learn to teach their students how to read and write at the most basic level, but that is rarely enough. True literacy can not be gained without a wide application of many different principles. One position that has become very popular among educators in recent years is one that employs a strategy of teaching students to communicate. Learning how to frame words in sentences and paragraphs is not enough in order to truly teach someone to be literate. In order to be literate, a person has to be able to take those words and put them into coherent thoughts. This position is probably the one that most closely represents what today’s educators should be aiming for when they frame curriculums for students. Skills based literacy is the building block from which all other things have to come. This is generally accepted by most educators out there. The problem is that some of these educators are not going beyond that. Though literacy starts with the basic skills, it certainly cannot stop there. It can only be effective if it is combined with a literacy program that teaches students cultural literacy and communications skills, as well. Teaching one without taking the time to teach the other is like teaching a person how to fish, giving them all of the equipment, and then forgetting to tell them where the pond is located. Though learning the actual skill of reading and writing is obviously an important part of the process, the cultural aspects are even more important. Especially in the United States, cultural literacy has not been nearly as much of a concern as other aspects of education. This is partly because teachers have been teaching with their eye on standardized tests and partly because no real value has been placed on cultural literacy. Now, the value and importance of both understanding how to read and write and understand how to put those things into context is being stressed more and more in schools and to America’s youth. Certain school districts have taken the initiative of instilling this sort of program within their curriculum for students. According to literature put out by the Poway Unified School District, cultural literacy is important to the development of students. Their website states, â€Å"The best lessons for cultural literacy come from the many students who sit in front of us each day in our classrooms. Their cultures, heritage, and stories formulate the most powerful cultural literacy curriculum† (Poway Unified School District). Elementary schools are not the only ones taking notice in this. College writing programs have implemented strategies as well to give their students a chance to become fully literate. Reed College, for example, has an entire writing program that is dedicated to teaching students the proper rules for communicating in their writing. This program not only focuses on writing, but it also teaches the value of things like drama and other liberal arts. Hampden-Sydney College is another college in the United States that has put an emphasis on this type of education. Their rhetoric program must be completed by all students who come through the school, whether those students are business majors or history majors. In the full context of a college liberal arts program, writing takes on a huge level of importance. Universities that offer these programs need to instill a writing intensive program across the board. This does not mean that just journalism or English students should have to concentrate on refining their skills. It means that in history courses, religion courses, philosophy courses, and other sorts of classes, a bunch of writing should be required. By incorporating writing into the curriculum of these other subjects, students will further learn how to communicate with their writing and they will become better at the other subjects, as well. Without an emphasis on writing, a liberal arts program is doomed to failure. Successful communication is a necessary aspect of these programs, as well. That cannot be gained without learning how to write critically, though. As E.D Hirsch is quick to point out, the English language lends itself to much interesting diction for writers. In his book, Hirsch wrote, â€Å"Literature in English excels in every kind of writing. Its particular glory is its poetry. For historical reasons, the English language acquired a vocabulary that is unusually rich and nuanced, combining words of Germanic root (such as see and glimpse) with words of Latin root (such as perceive and envision)† (Hirsch). There are quite a few different approaches to organizing a program such as this. Some colleges have started specific writing courses that teach students how to put their ideas into writing. You read "The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture" in category "Essay examples" More times than not, these classes are put into freshman year experience programs. These are the programs that teach students how to learn and how to be good college students. More times than not, these classes are taught alongside a study skills course. After all, most students are going to have to write multiple essays when they enter college and writing will be an essential part of their life. It only makes sense to preach the importance of writing from the very beginning of the college experience. This is not enough, though. In today’s world, being able to write and communicate is essentially important. Just about everything revolves around it, including the business world. According to the Educational Testing Service, which handles much of the student testing in the United States, the situation is extremely dire. They state, â€Å"As society becomes more technologically advanced, the quantity and types of written materials are growing. Adults are expected to use information from these materials in new and more complex ways and to maintain and enhance their literacy skills through lifelong learning activities. Literacy skills are critical not only for the personal achievement of individuals, but also for the social and economic development of each nation. These skills are no longer linked to a single threshold that separates the literate from the nonliterate† (Educational Testing Service). This quotation does much to state the overall importance of literacy in society and it also hammers home the point that literacy is becoming more important and more relevant, despite what some might think. In fact, it is dire, according to C.H. Knoblauch. In his Literacy and the Politics of Education, Knoblauch writes, â€Å"However, if literacy today is perceived as a compelling value, the reason lies not in such self-interested justifications but in its continuing association with forms of social reality that depend on its primacy† (Knoblauch). In addition to that, there is sentiment from other literary sources about the American situation. The Formation of National Cultures states, â€Å"In America, the reality is that we have not yet properly achieved monoliteracy, much less multiliteracy† (Foundation of National Cultures). This means that the United States still has to work on both the simple parts of literacy, as well as the more advanced aspects. One of the staples of any liberal arts program is a good history department. History courses are interesting because of the fact that they incorporate many different aspects of reading, writing, critical thinking, and lots of other skills. Students are not only forced to write and read critically, but they are often forced to do these things in a cultural sense. History courses not only teach what happened and when it happened, but they study cultural trends. Writing and reading have to be a huge part of any history course. Framing a history course with an eye on literacy is easy. In fact, it would be very difficult to even consider teaching any sort of history class without the inclusion of these things. As far as the actual setup of a course is concerned, it would not be all that difficult to integrate. The course would need a strong textbook, which must be read each and every night. In addition to that, the instructor of the course would teach the class in a lecture/discussion format, where students have to get used to both critical listening and critical communication. During each class period, students would have to listen to an instructor and take notes on what that professor is saying. This is one way to not only teach students the art of writing, but it also teaches students to think about the most important things that they are hearing. From that, they will react to that knowledge. The course would not be taught with only lectures, though. There would obviously be some grading that would be required. Writing would be integrated into the course in both essays and in tests. For the essays, students would be required to submit a number of them, depending upon length. This would give students a chance to not only explore the liberal arts staple of history, but it would also make them learn how to express themselves in a logical way. Essays would require proper writing skills, as well as good organization and good understanding of the material at hand. This would be an appropriate test of the knowledge and a good way to further integrate literary skills into the course. When it came time to give the test, writing would be on that, as well. Some part of the test would include an essay, where students would have to prepare a concise thought without too much time to research the issue. By doing these things, writing, reading, and critical communication could take their rightful place of importance in the liberal arts field. Without them, the courses would be naked and barren. By including writing and reading in liberal arts programs, a university would not be precluded from also offering advanced writing courses. Traditional definitions of literacy have come up with the conclusion that it is actually a skill that must be learned and mastered. Though the cultural literacy idea has become much more popular in recent years, the idea of literacy being a skill has still not been lost. With the right amount of instruction, students can learn how to both read and write at a very high level. Like with other subjects in a curriculum, writing programs must take the opportunity to teach both the basics and the advanced aspects of writing and reading. Colleges would be well advised to offer a literacy major or minor within their course catalog. With this program, the university could offer tens of classes on writing and reading. Everything from critical writing to business writing could be offered within this major. With that knowledge, a student would be able to go on to many different careers, since it has been established that writing and reading is such a large part of the business culture today. As long as literacy is a skill, it is something that must be harnessed and taught in universities and in lower levels of schools, as well. Elementary, middle, and high schools would be smart to adopt similar programs, which would further prepare students for the rigors of college literacy programs. In short, this would take a concerted effort at every level of academia if it is going to be successful. This is something that Allan Bloom takes very seriously in his book, The Closing of the American Mind. In there, Bloom writes, â€Å"I used to think that young Americans began whatever education they were to get at the age of eighteen, that their early lives were spiritually empty and they arrived at the university clean slate unaware of their deeper selves and the world beyond their superficial experience† (Bloom). The need for education at early levels is of the utmost importance to people like Bloom. No matter what definition of literacy a person subscribes to, the fact remains that it is a very important part of education that must be addressed. At current standing, schools are not doing nearly enough to teach the skills and to instill the type of cultural knowledge that is essential in order to truly communicate. Literacy is far more complicated than many educators have been willing to give it credit for. The first step to truly teaching literacy in a correct way is to understand that it is a changing thing. According to the folks at the Perkins School for the Blind, literacy includes many different aspects that must be accounted for. Their website reads, â€Å"The development of literacy is founded upon our experiences – beginning with birth – and our interactions with the world and those around us. Over time, these experiences enable us to develop the ability to connect meaning to words and letters. First, though, the path to literacy requires establishing communication and connecting meaning to objects, events and people in our world† (Perkins School for the Blind). This means that literacy is constantly being learned by everyone, each and every day. With this sort of knowledge in hand, it is easy to conclude that literacy must be included in every aspect of education. When talking about a classic liberal arts education, this is especially true. No matter if the skills-based literacy interpretation is correct or the other interpretations are correct, one must concede that all aspects of the idea should be considered. When shaping the plan for literacy training within a liberal arts program, lots of things must be considered. Luckily for those people who frame curriculums,   many liberal arts classes already require many pieces of literacy to be included to begin with. From critical writing to reading to other forms of communication, literacy will always be a part of history, philosophy, English, and the other subjects within liberal arts. With that in mind, the key is to highlight those skills and make sure that students are given an opportunity to enhance them. Works Cited Bloom, Allan. Closing of the American Mind. Educational Training Service. What is Literacy? http://www.nocheating.org/portal/site/ets/menuitem.c988ba0e5dd572bada20bc47c3921509/?vgnextoid=2a8eaf5e44df4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRDvgnextchannel=6773e3b5f64f4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRD Hirsch, E.D. Cultural Literacy. Knoblauch, C.H. Literacy and the Politics of Education. Perkins School for the Blind. Perkins Panda Early Literacy Kit. http://www.perkins.org/literacy/panda/ Poway Unified School District. Cultural Literacy. http://www.powayusd.com/projects/edtechcentralnew/culturallit.htm â€Å"Formation of National Cultures† Needlman, Robert. What is Literacy? http://www.drspock.com/article/0,1510,5133,00.html          How to cite The Development of Multi-Faceted Literacy in American Culture, Essay examples

Analyze Leadership Development of MBTI †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Development of MBTI. Answer: Introduction: This report has been prepared to analyze the MBTI result. In this report, MBTI approach has been described and it has been depicted to the user that how this MBTI test help a user to make better decision regarding the personality and carrier in future perspective. It makes a differentiation among the human beings. This test has been conducted to analyze my own personality. Results: MBTI test has been performed by me on myself to analyze the various aspect of my own personality. This test offers a great idea about my personality. According to this test, my personality INTJ, that means I am introvert, intuitive, thinking and judgemental person. Further, I have evaluated that this personality depict about the self confidence of a person (Sethuraman and Suresh, 2014). Through this report, it has been evaluated that I am an introvert person as I dont like to meet more people and communicate with them. I have secured 19% result as an introvert which depict that I do not like to be socialized and it also depict that I like to keep my feelings and thoughts with myself only. Further, I have analyzed that I am an intuitive person as I like to focus more on future rather than beings sensing and make assumption about the future references. Through my personality test, it has been analyzed that I am 19% intuitive that means I dont rely on my assumptions and take the consideration of some practical examples to make my decision about future references (Bonner, 2010). Further, I have analyzed that I have a personality of thinking about the people and things around me and then make decision. I prefer thinking more than the feeling as I am a less emotional person and like to do work according to the practical assumptions rather than the theoretical knowledge (Essaid El Bachari and El Adnani, 2011). I consider the thinking part more while making any big or professional decision though I am quite feeling kind of person in my personal life. More, I think that a person must use both the aspect while making the decision according to the situation. More, I have analyzed that I judges the things and persons more rather than observing the situation and make decision accordingly although I am almost equal in judging and observing people. It totally depends upon the situation and according to that I either observe the people or judge them. An effective leader must be observer as well as a judge to make the best of the decision for his or her team members (Sethuraman and Suresh, 2014). Lastly, my overall personality depict that I am a self confident person but sometimes people finds me self arrogant. INTJs are the person who wants perfection in everything and they have the endless capacity to improve and enhance their tasks. I am a system builder kind of person as I have entire capability of being a good leader and motivate the team to be more efficient. Thus it could be concluded that I have a personality of INTJ which are good in creativity and managing the people in a good manner. MBTI approach: MBTI approach is a personality test which assists the human being to evaluate their personality. This test depicts knowledge about various personalities. This report tells the user that every personality is different and it makes an impact over the working style, decisions, leadership qualities etc. this test has been invented by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs (Radwan, 2014). This MBTI approach depicts about the different personality which could help the individual to make decision about their carrier and many other aspects related to their life. In many professional workforces, this test is used to evaluate the personality and help the individual to make decision accordingly. Many researchers have found it the best personality test to make decision about various aspects related to an individual whereas few researchers have depicted that the provided result of this test is worthless and does not offer a good understanding about the personality of human being (Goldsmith, 2011). This test separates people into 16 groups which are not at all relevant according to some of the psychologists. It has been depicted into many studied that there is no relevance of many personalities into personal and professional life of a person. Further, it has been analyzed that many people takes this personalities into consideration while choosing the carriers and successfully they are satisfied in their carrier (Seol and Park, 2015). This test is mostly performed by the college students or professionals to understand their personality and to make better decision about their life accordingly. Huge factors are there which could make it understandable for a human after collective knowledge about all the related areas (Daisley, 2011). This has forced the researchers and psychiatrist to rethink about their opinion on this test. Additionally, it has also been observed that there are many other points which are not considered by this test such as job satisfaction, job description, personal life commitments etc. It has been failed to highlight entire aspect related to individual that plays significant role in an organization to make better decision. According to the analysis, many related aspects re ignored by this test approach and thus the outcome is not satisfactory (Wang 2015). More, this model has taken into consideration very lame aspects that do not offer any assistance to make a better decision or the carrier of the individual. Thus, it could be said that this model would not be helpful to take any decision over skills and personality of a person. Conclusion: Through conducting this report, it has been analyzed that various factors are there which makes an impact over the individual personality and MBTI approach is there to help the person to identify different approaches to make a better decision about the skills and personality of a person. Further, this report also explains about much critique over the MBTI approach and depict that it do not take into consideration about many essential aspect of an individual. References: Bonner, N.A., 2010. Predicting leadership success in agile environments: An inquiring systems approach. Journal of Management Information and Decision Sciences, 13(2), p.83. Daisley, R.J., 2011. Considering personality type in adult learning: Using the Myers?Briggs Type Indicator in instructor preparation at PricewaterhouseCoopers. Performance Improvement, 50(2), pp.15-24. Essaid El Bachari, E.H.A. and El Adnani, M., 2011. E-LEARNING PERSONALIZATION BASED ON DYNAMIC LEARNERSPREFERENCE. Goldsmith, M., 2011. Knowing me, knowing God: Exploring your spirituality with Myers-Briggs. Abingdon Press. Radwan, N., 2014. An adaptive learning management system based on learners learning style.International Arab Journal of e-Technology,3(4), p.7. Seol, J.Y. and Park, P.W., 2015. Study about PR-VEP Characteristics on Perception Function and Judgement Function of MBTI.Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society,16(8), pp.5485-5491. Sethuraman, K. and Suresh, J., 2014. Effective leadership styles.International Business Research,7(9), p.165. Wang, C.Y., 2015. Preference measures of rectangle ratio on MBTI personality types.Art and Design Review,3(03), p.69.

The Glass Menagerie Amanda Analysis Essay Example

The Glass Menagerie Amanda Analysis Paper Mantas controlling behavior is what drove Mr.. Winnfield away, and is now s erring her son, Tom, toward a similar escape. This essay will explore several Of the symbols, b e they objects or events, Tennessee Williams uses to illustrate Amanda Winnfield as a character who, tragically, cannot move forward from her past. Two objects that really stand out are the cheap or imitation velvety looking CLC 10th coats, and especially the imitation fur collar that she always wears when going out in society (Scene II peg. 55). Both of them represent that Amanda is still trying to live in her pa SST as a southern belle with fancy clothing because they are both imitations of her past glam r and lavish clothes. One event that shows us that Amanda wants to remain a youthful bell el also occurs in the beginning of the play as well: it tells us that she resurrected [a dress] from that old trunk! (Williams, Scene VI, Peg. 769) and talks about receiving seventeen gentlemen c lealer one Sunday afternoo n in Blue Mountain. This shows that she is stubborn and is willing to do anything to convince herself that she is still the belle she once was. Vicar 2 Another important event that occurs in the beginning of the play is that we el ran that Amanda spends a lot of her time gazing at Mr.. Windshields portrait. Perhaps the is means that she misses Mr.. Winnfield even if she refuses to admit Also in Scene Ill, Amanda is described as wearing a very old bathrobe of the faithless Mr. Winnfield (Williams, Scene Ill, Peg; 759), so we can assume that Amanda is haunted by the rejection of the love of her life and the memory of her absent husband. We will write a custom essay sample on The Glass Menagerie Amanda Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Glass Menagerie Amanda Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Glass Menagerie Amanda Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Williams uses Mantas behavior towards Tom to show that she cares because she doesnt want him to turn out like his father. She badgers him to behave the way she expects him to, how to eat, where to go, and how to get ahead in his job, but as a result of Mantas controlling nature, the Winnfield family gets into a complicated situ action and all Tom wants to do is escape from the apartment, from this suffocating life ultimately Williams uses three symbols that reveal and develop Mantas character. On e is the character Jim OConnor: for Amanda, Jim represents the days of her youth, who en she went frolicking about picking flowers and supposedly having seventeen gentlemen callers on one Sunday afternoon because he reminds her of the life she once had, carefree a ND filled with affections and the attention of gentlemen callers. Another symbol is flowers, articulacy jonquils because Amanda always talks about them when mentioning her past. Lastly, t he apartments fire escape symbolizes the way for Amanda Winnfield to bring a man into the ho SE to save herself and her daughter from the fate Of becoming a spinster. She is always expecting g gentlemen callers to come and court Laura as they had when Amanda was her daughters age. Not one gentleman caller? It cant be true! There must be a flood, there must have been a tornado ! LAURA: It isnt a flood, its not a tornado, Mother. Im just not popular like you were in Blue Mountain (Williams, Scene I, Peg. 755). Vicar 3 The universal truth that learn from Williams The Glass Menagerie is that perhaps sadly, like Amanda, we all cling to the past, especially when we do not want to face reality or if We are in a difficult situation.

Static vs Dynamic DLL Loading With Delphi

Static vs Dynamic DLL Loading With Delphi A DLL (Dynamic Link Library) acts as a shared library of functions that can be called upon by numerous applications and other DLLs. Delphi lets you create and use DLLs so that you can call these functions at will. However, you must import these routines before you can call them. Functions exported from a DLL can be imported in two ways- either by declaring an external procedure or function (static) or by direct calls to DLL specific API functions (dynamic). Lets consider a simple DLL. Below is the code for circle.dll exporting one function, called CircleArea, which calculates the area of a circle using the given radius: Once you have the circle.dll, you can use the exported CircleArea function from your application. Static Loading The simplest way to import a procedure or function is to declare it using the external directive: If you include this declaration in the interface part of a unit, circle.dll is loaded once when the program starts. Throughout execution of the program, the function CircleArea is available to all units that use the unit where the above declaration is. Dynamic Loading You can access routines in a library through direct calls to Win32 APIs, including LoadLibrary, FreeLibrary, and GetProcAddress. These functions are declared in Windows.pas. Heres how to call the CircleArea function using dynamic loading: When importing using dynamic loading, the DLL is not loaded until the call to LoadLibrary. The library is unloaded by the call to FreeLibrary. With static loading, the DLL is loaded and its initialization sections execute before the calling applications initialization sections are executed. This is reversed with dynamic loading. Should You Use Static or Dynamic? Heres a simple look at the advantages and disadvantages of both static and dynamic DLL loading: Static Loading Pros: Easier for a beginner developer; no ugly API calls.DLLs are loaded just once, when the program starts. Cons: The application will not start if any DLLs are missing or can not be found. An error message like this will appear: This application has failed to start because missing.dll was not found. Re-installing the application may fix this problem. By design, the DLL search order with static linking includes the directory from which the application loaded, the system directory, the Windows directory, and directories listed in the PATH environment variable. Note also that the search order might be different for various Windows versions. Always expect to have all the DLLs in the directory where the calling application is.More memory is used since all DLLs are loaded even if you wont use some of the .functions Dynamic Loading Pros: You can run your program even when some of the libraries it uses are not present.Smaller memory consumption since the DLLs are used only when needed.You can specify the full path to the DLL.Could be used for modular applications. The application only exposes (loads) modules (DLLs) approved for the user.The ability to load and unload library dynamically, is the foundation of a plug-in system that allow a developer to add extra functionality to programs.Backwards compatibility with older Windows versions in which system DLLs might not support the same functions or be supported in the same way. Detecting the Windows version first, then dynamically linking based on what your app is running on, allows you to support more versions of Windows and provide workarounds for older OSs (or at the very least, gracefully disabling features you cant support.) Cons: Requires more code, which isnt always easy for a beginner developer.

Airport Noise and Pollution Can Effect Your Health

Airport Noise and Pollution Can Effect Your Health Researchers have known for years that exposure to excessively loud noise can cause changes in blood pressure as well as changes in sleep and digestive patterns, all signs of stress on the human body. The very word â€Å"noise† itself derives from the Latin word â€Å"noxia,† which means injury or hurt. Airport Noise and Pollution Increase Risk for Illness On a 1997 questionnaire distributed to two groups (one living near a major airport, and the other in a quiet neighborhood), two-thirds of those living near the airport indicated they were bothered by aircraft noise, and most said that it interfered with their daily activities. The same two-thirds complained more than the other group of sleep difficulties, and also perceived themselves as being in poorer health. Perhaps even more alarming, the European Commission, which governs the European Union (E.U.), considers living near an airport to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke, as increased blood pressure from noise pollution can trigger these more serious maladies. The E.U. estimates that 20% of Europe’s population (about 80 million people) are exposed to airport noise levels it considers unhealthy and unacceptable. Airport Noise Affects Children Airport noise can also have negative effects on children’s health and development. A 1980 study examining the impact of airport noise on children’s health found higher blood pressure in kids living near Los Angeles’ LAX airport than in those living farther away. A 1995 German study found a link between chronic noise exposure at Munich’s International Airport and elevated nervous system activity and cardiovascular levels in children living nearby. A 2005 study published in the prestigious British medical journal, The Lancet, found that kids living near airports in Britain, Holland, and Spain lagged behind their classmates in reading by two months for every five-decibel increase above average noise levels in their surroundings. The study also associated aircraft noise with lowered reading comprehension, even after socio-economic differences were considered. Citizen Groups Concerned About Effects of Airport Noise and Pollution Living near an airport also means facing significant exposure to air pollution. Jack Saporito of the U.S. Citizens Aviation Watch Association (CAW), a coalition of concerned municipalities and advocacy groups, cites several studies linking pollutants common around airports (such as diesel exhaust, carbon monoxide and leaked chemicals) to cancer, asthma, liver damage, lung disease, lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and even depression. A recent study pinpointed ground taxiing by planes at busy airports as the source of large amounts of carbon monoxide, which in turn appears to increase the prevalence of asthma within 10 kilometers of the airport. CAW is lobbying for the clean up of jet engine exhaust as well as the scrapping or modification of airport expansion plans across the country. Another group working on this issue is Chicago’s Alliance of Residents Concerning O’Hare, which lobbies and conducts extensive public education campaigns in an effort to cut noise and pollution and rein in expansion plans at the world’s busiest airport. According to the group, five million area residents may be suffering adverse health effects as a result of O’Hare, only one of four major airports in the region.

Aseptic Techniques & Cell Counting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aseptic Techniques & Cell Counting - Essay Example flame loops, put slides in jars of Lysol or Chloros, put pipettes in their proper receptacles, and discard cultures into their appropriate autoclave buckets. Several different methods are used for sterilization and some of which we will use today. The maintenance of sterility requires the use of Aseptic Technique. The object of this is to prevent any form of contact between the sterile growth medium (e.g. petri dish containing nutrient agar) or the pure culture and any source of contaminating organisms. The new student should be aware that it is very easy to sterilize a pipette or bacteriological loop and then to place it on the non-sterile bench whilst picking up something else. Sources of contamination include: Any non-sterile surface, liquids, or air. Air is a very important contamination source because of; free-floating fungal or bacterial spores, liquid droplets, dust particles, dried skin scales, all of which may contain bacteria and/or fungi. Good aseptic technique is crucial for work in microbiology, microbial genetics, or biotechnology. Flaming using a Bunsen Burner is the classic method for rapid sterilization of bacteriological loops, glass pipette and bottle or flask necks. Flaming needs to be done for several seconds, long enough to raise the temperature well above 100 oC. Bottle necks should be rotated in the flame for 5 sec. or so to achieve this. For all basic techniques in microbiology and for today’s exercise in liquid transfer and inoculation, manual dexterity in removing screw-on lids is important. The most reliable technique is to use the little finger to unscrew and hold lids and plugs, leaving the other fingers free to hold loops or pipettes etc. The operator (i.e. you!) is the most likely source of small particles floating in the air and landing on your work. Breathing, coughing, sneezing and talking may all lead to some production of air-borne particles (aerosols) but more importantly respiratory secretions and saliva

Multinational Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Multinational Corporation - Assignment Example In reality, many international investors are seemingly small and weak. For instance, multinational firms originating from developing countries have become a visible force in the world of FDI (Wells, 1983) Small and medium-sized firms also play significant roles in outward investment (Buckley et al, 1988), which have benefited many countries, thereby ending up in predicting future threats. "FDI is a cross-border production activity that takes place for a number of reasons. Investment decisions are affected by market size and cost differentials, with firms investing in locations with relatively low production costs". (Barrell, 1997) After grappling with the question of why MNCs engages in International production, four theories are identified that attempts to explain four motivations for FDI, named Monopolistic Advantage Theory, Oligopolistic Reaction Theory, Internationalisation Theory and the Eclectic Paradigm. Hymer suggests that FDI occurs in imperfectly competitive markets and adopted an industrial organisation approach to explain the process of international production. Kindleberger details the nature of the monopolistic advantages that the foreign investor may possess over its domestic competitors. Thus, he indicates that these advantages may arise in the goods market to achieve vertical or horizontal integration. Kindleberger also states that monopolistic advantages may arise through the actions of government in the host country. In restricting imports, the government may inadvertently stimulate FDI. However, Caves argues that the vertically extended foreign investor does not rely on the possession of these unique assets. Its motivations for international production are to avoid oligopolistic uncertainty concerning the long-term supply and pricing of its inputs as well as to erect barriers to entry against new rivals. Hood and Young (1979) postulate that the monopolistic advantage theory fully explains the FDI made by US multinational enterprises during the post-World War II period. However, they question whether the MNC needs to possess any advantage when investing in developing countries, since it is confronted with little domestic competition. They cite the example of Japanese ventures in developing countries that are faced with few, if any, effective local competitors. (Hood and Young, 1979) Oligopolistic Reaction Theory Knickerbocker argues that a rival firm's moves into a foreign market not only could threaten the corporate earnings of the other oligopolists, but also could result in it acquiring competitive assets far in excess of those it already possesses. Thus, he posits, the defensive investment undertaken by the other oligopolists serves to maintain the balance of competition within the industry. (Barclay, 2000, p. 23) Knickerbocker postulates that it is the firms

Puberty Blues Essay Example for Free

Puberty Blues Essay The TV show I have chosen to talk to you about today is Puberty Blues. It is aired at 8:30pm, Wednesday on channel 10. It doesnt have a specific genre, but more like a mixture. I would classify it as a teen drama. Puberty Blues doesnt work in plot twists but offers a suprising reality. The best part about the TV drama for me is how we get a glimpse into the life of a 1970s teenager. Puberty Blues is set in Cronulla, Sydney, in the late 1970s. Majority of the time, Debbie and Sues houses are used, but the greenhill gang are also featured hanging around by the beach. Puberty Blues tells the story Debbie Vickers and Sue Knights. They are both very clever but somewhat unpopular high school girls who wants to raise their social standings in order to go out with boys. Through out the episodes we get to know the girls parents- Judy and Martin who are closed off and dont interact with each other much and Pam and Roger who have a far more open relationship. The sixth episode was directed by Glendyn Ivin and written by Fiona Seresis. The main plot is when the greenhill gang including Debbie and Sue, get wasted, go driving and flip the car, killing the driver. Any other show would have sent the characters into an instant panic but the writers of Puberty Blues understand that the shock combined with drugs would have caused everyone to burst into disbelieving laughter. The car crash wasnt the only plot in the episode though. Debbies parents, Judy and Martin, got to couples councilling because Martin has strong feelings for a women at his work. Cheryl, a member of the green hills gang, is flirting with her mums boyfriend to prove she is more desirable than her mother, who resents. The social issue pressented in the show was definitely driving under the influence. This message is easily interpreted in the car crash scene were the driver and passengers are drunk and stoned. This wasnt my favourite episode from Puberty Blues but it was still solid like we have come to expect from this series. I would recommend the show to high school students and older as there are some mature themes and sexual references. I love this show because it takes awkward and serious situations and brings out their bright side.

Essay on the Flying Motif in Song of Solomon :: Song Solomon essays

Importance of the Flying Motif in Song of Solomon    Throughout literature it has been common for authors to use allusions to complement recurrent motifs in their work. In Toni Morrison's Song Of Solomon, Milkman learns that his desire to fly has been passed down to him from his ancestor Solomon. As Milkman is figuring out the puzzle of his ancestry, he realizes that when Solomon tried to take his youngest son, Jake, flying with him, he dropped him and Jake never arrived with his father to their destination.    It seems quite probable that Morrison drew from the Daedalus/Icarus Greek myth. Daedalus was a well-known architect and engineer in Athens. King Mines invited Daedalus to Crete to build him a labyrinth, and when it was completed, Mines jailed him within it. In order to escape, Daedalus built two sets of wings - one pair for himself, and the other for his son, Icarus- using wax and feathers, which they used to fly off from Crete. On their journey to Athens, Icarus decided to try to challenge the sun, even though his father had warned him that if he got too near to the sea his wings would dampen and fall apart, or if he got too close to the sun, the wax in his wings would melt, and he would lose the ability to fly. Ignoring Daedalus' warnings, Icarus flew too high and the sun melted the wax that held his wings together. Icarus fell into the Aegean Sea and died.    Solomon, a slave, had been a leader when he worked in the cotton fields in the South. One day he decided to fly back to Africa with his youngest son, Jake, leaving behind his wife Ryna and their twenty other children. Black lady fell down on the ground Come booba yalle, come booma tambee Threw her body all around Come konka yalle, come konka tambee...(303).    This verse of the popular children's song which Milkman heard in Shalimar, Virginia, was referring to Ryna's sobbing, an event which also led to the naming of Ryna's Gulch where it is rumored that Ryna's spirit moaned night and day alike for Solomon's return. When Solomon is flying, however, he drops Jake- also the name of Milkman's grandfather- and unlike Icarus in Greek mythology, Jake survives his fall.    Milkman's desire to fly mirrors one of the foremost fantasies of any child or dreamer.

A Clockwork Orange †Literary Response Essay

Nadine Gordimer, South African writer and Nobel Prize winner, said that penetrating fiction doesn’t give answers, it invites questions. This quote is accurately reflected in Anthony Burgess’ novel, A Clockwork Orange, in which many questions and moral values are explored. Burgess strongly believed that humans’ ability of choice is the only factor distinguishing us between animals or machines. The two most predominant recurring themes of and questions relating to the novel involve ‘good vs evil’, and ‘fate and free will’. The novel begins with the words: â€Å"what’s it going to be then, eh? †, through which Burgess poses a literal question that ultimately leads to choice, and is always asked before determining one’s fate. This question introduces all three parts of the novel, as well as the final chapter. The repetition emphasises the symmetrical and symbolic structure of the book. It also echoes one of the aforementioned explored themes: fate and free will. The novel concludes with Alex finally deciding ‘what it’s going to be’, by him consciously deciding to discard his previous violent and ‘evil’ habits. Society and religion recur frequently in A Clockwork Orange, and each hold similar views and opinions concerning choice and good vs. evil. In Part 1, Chapter 4, Alex wonders why ‘evil’ is analysed and goodness is not only universally strived for, but accepted as the norm: â€Å"They don’t go into the cause of goodness, so why of the other shop? Badness is of the self, the one, the you or me on our oddy knockies and that self is made by old Bog or God and is his great pride and radosty. But the not-self cannot have the bad, meaning they of the government and the judges and the schools cannot allow the bad because they cannot allow the self. † Here, Alex refers to society and authority as the ‘not-self’. He believes that people are born ‘evil’, and suggests that conditioning human-kind to be ‘good’ removes individualism. The passage concludes with Alex saying, â€Å"I do what I do because I like to do†, which is almost animalistic in the sense that his action depends solely on desire, impulse and instinct. In Part 2, Chapter 3, the questioning of fate and free will is asked yet again, from the perspective of Christianity. The chaplain refers to the Reclamation Treatment – a physiologically imposed behavioural modification that would render the incapability of performing ‘evil deeds’ – which Alex is to undergo. He asks Alex if God wants goodness or the choice of goodness. (â€Å"Is a man who chooses the bad perhaps in some way better than a man who has the good imposed upon him? It is interesting that the questioning of free will is articulated by the novel’s religious figure, and that this time, it does not come from Alex himself, but is rather asked of him. The chaplain wonders if good acts are morally valueless if performed without free will, and if forced benevolence is in fact more evil than sin itself. Although he rhetorically directs this to Alex, he is essentially asking the reader’s opinion, because it is indicated in previous chapters that Alex disagrees with the conditioning of ‘goodness’. The question is left open-ended and unresolved for the reader to interpret. Thus, rather than being didactic, ‘penetrating fiction’ does solicit more questions than it answers. It allows the reader to draw his or her own conclusions, rather than enforcing a particular point of view. In A Clockwork Orange, this is true in a number of ways (as demonstrated), but most powerfully in terms of the constantly revisited themes; good vs. evil, and fate and free will.

Aztec and Mayan Difference

Aztec and Mayan differences One difference between the Aztec and the Mayan is the location, and time period they were in. The Aztec and Mayan lived in the same time period but the Mayan had actually been around longer than the Aztecs. The start of the Mayan empire began before the Aztec as well but, once the Aztec empire began they were the dominant empire in Mesoamerica. Location the Aztec were located in central Mexico were Mexico City now lies and the Mayan were located in the Yucatan Peninsula. Another difference between the Aztec and the Mayan is they spoke different languages. The Aztecs spoke nahuatl and the Mayan spoke Maya.One of the differences is that the Aztec language was poorly understood and less popular than the Mayan language. The Mayan language however is considered one of the most striking visually writhing systems in the world. The Aztec and Mayan had a different way of ruling their empires. The Aztec were ruled by a supreme ruler. The Mayan had city states each r uled by a sovereign ruler. Because the Aztec were a big group while the Mayan were many groups in one. The Aztec and Mayan had different names for their deities. They both had a feathered serpent god for the Aztec the god was called Quetzalcoatl and for the Mayan it was Kukulcan.Not only that they also had different gods that had different roles. They also had different views of these gods the Aztec believed they needed to sacrifice a lot of people to please them while the Mayan not so much. Last of all The Aztec were warlike and the Mayan were scientific. The Aztec waged war against other tribes forcing them to pay tribute. The Aztec were proud of their war tradition which in one can be concluded why they died out they lived by the sword and died by the sword. The Mayan studied stars were they came up with a very scientific calendar, and were obsessed with astronomy. Therefore the Mayan were true to life.

Education during Imprisonment Essays - Penology, Criminology

Education during Imprisonment Essays - Penology, Criminology Education during Imprisonment Mr. Chojnacki English 110 12/9/14 Education during Imprisonment Education and job skills are key elements to reducing recidivism therefore; prisons, county jails, and the probation offices should adopt mandatory programs so ex-offenders can become productive members of society. Every year approximately 9 million people are released from prison in the U.S. (Center, T. N.-e., 2012) and due to lack of education and job skills, 52% of those 9 million returns within three years. According to Yamatani & Spjeldnes (2011), The United States represents only 5 percent of the worlds population, but we hold 25 percent of the world's inmates in our prisons and jails (Pew Center on the States, 2008). We have more people behind bars in total numbers and per capita than any other industrialized country2.3 million out of nearly 300 million (750 per 100,000 residents)one out of 100 U.S. This essay will show the difference between recidivism and rehabilitation as well as showing how education and job training can effectively reduce the rate of recidivism in the U.S . What is recidivism you ask? The Merriam-Webster defines recidivism as a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2012). Recidivism comes into play because people who have limited education and no job skills tend to find other means of support which are not always legal. According to OBrien, (2005), Women who left prisons that offered educational and job training programs were less likely to recidivate. The study also showed that these women suffered from lack of education and job skills before their arrest. When one knows no other means than the one that got them arrested in the first place, this causes them to leave prison and revert back to their former selves. This is what the dictionary says that rehabilitation is. Rehabilitation is, defined as, restoring someone or something to a former state or capacity. Now why would we want to restore someone to their former uneducated, unskilled self? That is defeating the purpose of the incarceration. This takes us to whether or not incarcerating a person rehabilitates them or not. According to Diane Brown, when entering prison you are automatically put to work either in the kitchen or as a porter (janitor). The only way you are mandated to school is if you're reading scores are a 6.0 or below, and you are never taught any job skills. Its either you know it or you dont. Ms. Brown states in the interview with the author that she has been incarcerated 5 times and is currently on parole. She also states that she has never been legally employed because she does not know how to fill out an application so she has to do other things to make money to support her and her son (personal communication, October 01, 2012). People like Diane are in need of our help. There is a saying quoted by Maya Angelou (Author of I Know Why the Caged Bird sings) and it goes, When you know better, you do better, this applies directly to most of these offenders. The crimes that they commit are not always in ma lice, but just another means of survival. These are the people that would benefit from the educational and job readiness programs spoken of here. Education and job readiness can greatly decrease the rate of recidivism. Those recently released from prison are at a higher risk of being rearrested if they do not have the tools they need to move ahead (Visher, 2010). We want them to progress forward. The only way to do this is to mandate education and job training, not only during their incarceration, but after their release as well. Taxpayers feel as though this may be a waste of money but it is believed by others that this will be the most effective strategy to use to reduce recidivism. With the way that the system is working now it is only a form of punishment for the offender and not helping to make them productive members of society once their incarceration is over. It cost taxpayers approximately $64 billion yearly to run the State prisons which is just a little over $31,000 per i nmate (CBS Sunday Morning, 2012). This money could

Sociology Essays on Michael Jackson

Sociology Essays on Michael Jackson With the demise of legendary pop singer Michael Jackson, students should expect to be asked by their professors to write sociology essays about this controversial essay topic. The popularity of Michael Jackson had spread across the globe that his music and his persona influenced individuals in the society from different generations. Writing about the sociological significance of the King of Pop would initially appear to be difficult for students; here are some suggested contents for your essay about Michael Jackson:   Ã‚  Ã‚   An essay about prominent people must start with a personal background about the celebrity. Provide a brief biographical account on Michael Jackson. It would also be recommendable to include a background on the society the singer had lived in during his younger years to provide a situational overview on the kind of society the young Michael Jackson had constant interactions.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Describe the influences of the society on the young Michael Jackson during his childhood days. Examine if his environment had inclined him to be a singer and if the people around him had forced him in some ways to enter the world of entertainment at such a young age. Provide a personal view if the society is partly responsible for children in show business to be susceptible to the dire elements of the entertainment industry causing the corruption of the minds of these children. This part of your academic essay must cite Michael Jackson as an example of your personal views.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Writing essays about Michael Jackson and the society should include the reception of society on his music and his rise to stardom with the aid of society. State your opinion on why Jackson’s music was well liked by the public, the sociological relevance of the subjects tackled by his songs, and the impact of the singer’s distinct character on society. Cite examples such as the sociological issues related to Jackson’s songs as well as individuals imitating Jackson’s fashion statements.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Examine the sociological effects of Michael Jackson and his music had imparted on people. Discuss the reasons behind the tremendous effect the singer and his music had on the society. You may also point out your own views on the possible problems or threats posed by this fanaticism of the public on Michael Jackson.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Relatively, provide a section in your essay discussing the positive and negative effects of music icons on the society. Mention the names of some of the biggest music celebrities that had sociological influences around the world. Specify the harmful effects these music legends had conveyed to people and cite particular incidents that would prove this bad influence of some music celebrities. Enumerate the positive ways these celebrities had influenced the public and state examples of these commendable acts. Give your personal analysis if the society tolerates these manipulations done by pop idols and the ways that the society can use this influence in promoting good causes.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Excessive fame and money often causes celebrities to make irresponsible acts. This does not save Michael Jackson; the controversies and issues that hounded the singer’s life definitely had effects on the society. As part of the society, give your opinion on the common perception and reaction of the members of society as well as the sociological consequences of these unacceptable behaviors for both ordinary citizen and celebrity. Sociology essays about Michael Jackson can be completed easily with the help of these suggested contents. A good essay about this topic can be achieved by incorporating some of this important information.

How to fix financial reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

How to fix financial reporting - Essay Example Subprime mortgage crisis has strengthened the need for the way and manner in which listed companies should reveal their financial datas. Majority of the subprime mortgages was securitised through a new kind of risky financial instrument namely â€Å" Collateralised Debt Obligation â€Å" ( CDOs) and marketed in the global financial market as coupon bearing bonds. Banks and financial institutions all around the world have invested in CDOs which infected badly the networth of these banks and financial institutions. Critics are of the view that the main culprits were the existing accounting standards employed by the companies as they depicted the financial of the company inaccurately. There is a necessity to enhance the financial intelligibility and dissemination so as to boost the confidence of the investors. The main issue is that the majority of the companies failed to offer an accurate and an exhaustive dissemination of their financial worthiness, which is mirrored by incomplete dissemination of liabilities, not reflecting the real value of the assets and aggregate risk on balance sheets of companies around the world. Both the financial regulators and analysts have demanded that there should be an enhanced transparency in the revelation of accounting info by companies. Banks which suffered negative networth due to subprime mortgage crisis have called for fair-value accounting for diminished assets is to be annulled to permit the deteriorated credit markets to resurrect. William Isaac damned the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s regulation demanding that the assets should be measured as per current market value despite the fact there existed no market for such assets. This rule would compel the companies to write off the values of such impaired assets, which would end in a decrease in equity and would hamper the future funding from banks. On September 2008, due to pressure exerted from financial